Internal-combustion engine.



J. HUTGHINGS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

MPLIGATIOH FILED JAN. 23 1907 904,961, Patented Nov. 24, 1908. iSHEETSSHEET 1, 16! \4 A 3 41"":

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J. HUTCHINGS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.23,19U7.

Patented Nov. 24. 190R 7 SHEET Ki! ii? 1 L .i V w, A 6 X.

J. HUTCHINGS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN 23, 1907.

Patented Nov. 24, 1908 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATIQN FILED JAN. 23, 1907.

904,961 Patented Nov. 24. 1908 7 SHEETS-SHEET 4 I Q l i J. HUTCHINGS.INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIGATION FILED JAN.23,1907.

904,96 1 Patented Nov. 24. 1908 '1 SHEETS-SHEET 5 I .4.

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w1%z66x J. HUTGHINGS.

Patented Nov. 24. 1908.

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x 3 Y\ Y Q mg at 210 Moor JOHN HUTCHINGS, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

INTERNAL-OOHBUBTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 24, 1908.

Application fled January 28, 1907. Bertal No. 363,042.

To all whom it 'niay concern:

Be it known that I, Join Hu'rcnmos, subject of the King of GreatBritain, residto Station Chambers, Moorfields, in the city of London,England, mechanical and mining engineer, have invented certain new anduseful, Improvements in and Relating to Internal-Combustion Engines, ofwhich the following is a specification.

My present 'invention relates to improvements in engines of thecharacter described in my prior application Se ial No. 353,485, filedJan. 22, 1907, and it as for its object to provide an engine embodying arimary motor which is preferably of the internal combustion type, anauxiliary motor which is preferably connected thereto, and means forconducting the motive fluid for the secondary motor through heatabsorbing chambore in the primary motor, whereby the cylinder, pistonand other operating arts of the latter are cooled, and the heat t asabstracted is utilized to increase the volume and pressure of the fluidsupplied to the secondary motor, so that the rimary motor is effectuallycooled, and the heat that is ordinarily wasted is transformed intomechanical energy.

To these and other ends, the invention consists in certain improvements,and combina-" tions and arrangements of parts, all as will behereinafter more fully described, the novel features being pointed outparticularly in the claims at the end of the specification.

In the drawings-Figure 1 represents a central vertical section of theleft-hand portion of an engine constructed in accordance with thepresent invention; Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing theright-hand portion of the engine; Fig. 3 represents a section taken atright angles to the sections shown in Figs. 1 and 2; Figs. 4 and 4together constitute 11 Ian view of the en inc shown in the pr ingfigures, the tur inc and its fluid supply assages being shown insection; Fig. 5 1s a d dtail view with Parts in section showing theturbine 'or auxiliary motor. Fig. 6 represents a transverse section ofthe piston of the internal combustion engine, illustrating the radialducts which connect the fluid chamber 25 with the central passage 29 ofthe piston.

Similar parts are designated by the same numerals of reference in theseveral figures.

The engine shown in the present embodiafter more fully ment of myinvention, comprises a suitable a i base which is preferably formedhollow to provide a water tank that will be hereindescribed, the upperside of the tank being provided with bearings for the main shaft 53, andbrackets or other devices for supporting the engine and comressorcylinders, and it also provides means or sup rting a shaft It for theauxiliary I motor, t e latter being ofperatively connected to the mainen ine s by means of gearing of a suitab e ratio that will permit themain engine and the auxiliary motor to operate at the proper relative ss.

In the present instance, a vertically arranged internal combustionengine is connected to the ri ht-hand end of the main engine shaft, anan air compressor is connected to the said shaft at the lefthand side ofthe internal combustion engine, as shown in Fi 1 and 2, a turbineconstituting the auxillar motor and having a runner or revoluble e ementwhich is fixed to revolve on the shaft h. The internal combustion enginecomprises a cylinder d having combustion chambers formed at the op ositeends thereof a piston 6 being arranged to operate vertically within thecylinder and having piston heads on the opposite ends thereof. Anysuitable valve mec anism may be emplolyed for controllin the admissionof fuel 01 ydro-carbon to t e combustion chamber of the c linder and forpermitting it to exhaust t erefrom after the explosions, the pistonbeing provided in the present instance with a pair of axially arrangedexhaust passages 27entering at the opposite ends thereof and controlledby exhaust valves 34 which may be operated in any suitable way, thoseshown in the present instance being operated in a manner similar to thatdescribed in the prior application aforesaid, the exhaust gases rom theaxial passages 27 passing through a duct at each end thereof into achamber 44 which is formed at one side of the casing of the c linder andasses through a conduit 45, t e latter disc iargin into a cooling coil46 which is submerge in the liquid tank 47 and finally discharges at 48,the heat contained in the products of combustion being absorbed by thewater within the tank for a purpose to be presently described.

The admission of combustible gas and air to the cylinder may also becontrolled by a valve mechanism of any suitable construction, a pair ofvalves 60 being employed in the present instance from which the mixedgas and air is discharged through the openlugs 61, which valves areconstructed substantially in the same manner as those described in myprior application aforesaid. These valves are operated by a cam 73arranged on the main engine shaft 53 and co operating with rollers orprojections 72, one of which is directly connected to the lower valve,and the other is arranged on a lever 71 which is connected to operate abell crank lever 69 by means of a rod 70, the bell crank being arrangedat the upper end of the cylinder and cooperating with the upper valve.The piston is provided with a pair of oppositely extending trunnions ewhich project thro h openin s in the opposite walls of the dfiinder anare connected to cranks 55 of the engine shaft by means of a pair ofconnecting rods 57.

The upper and lower portions of the cylinder are surrounded by heatabsorbing chambers 20, and those portions of the cylinder within thesechambers are surrounded by coils 19, the upper and lower coils beingconnected by vertical pipes 19, as shown in Fig. 3, and the upperconvolution of the top coil is provided with numerous orifices 21through which the. fluid contained in the coils is discharged into thechamber 20, as

shown in Fig. 2. This chamber 20 surrounding the upper and lowerportions of the cylinder is adapted to contain liquid which is conductedthereto by the vertical passage 20, shown in Fig. 3, and liquid isconducted from the lower chamber 20 into a water chamber 26 in theengine piston by means of a pair of reciprocatory tubes 82 which arecarried by the trunnions of the piston, the lower ends of these tubesbeing rovided with valves 81 which control the iiquid so as to insure acirculation thereof. The upper chamber 20 communicates with the waterchamber 26 of the piston by means of a similar pair of reciprocatorytubes 82 which have stuffing box connections with the casing about thecylinder casing and operate longitudinally during the movements of thepiston. The piston is also provided with a chamber 25 for the passage ofthe turbine motive fluid, the latter being supplied thereto by means ofa pair of reciprocating tubes 24, the ends of which open into a pair ofouter chambers 23 whic are located exterior to the upper liquid chamber20, communication between these two chambers being established by thepassages 22. This fluid chamber 25 in the piston communicates with acentral passage 29 by means of a set of radial ducts 29*, as shown inFig. 6, and fluid is conducted from this central chamber by means of thepassages 30 which discharge into a passage 35 formed in a radiallyextending arm 35 which extends through an opening in one of the walls ofthe cvlinder and projects into the exhaust chamber 44, the said armbeing provided with a telescopically mounted tube 135 which dischargesinto a fluid conducting pipe 36 which is inclosed within the exhaustconduit 45 and discharges at 36 into the turbine nozzles. The chamber 20is separated from the outer chambers 23 for the turbine motive fluid bypartitions or septums, the intercommunicating passages 22 being formedtherein at a point above the level of the liquid -in the chamber 20, andconsequently the liquid cannot enter these outer chambers from which theturbine inotive fluid is supplied to the fluid chambers in the piston,as shown in Fig. 2.

The compressor which supplies the 1110- tive fluid to the heatingchambers of the engine, embodies generally a cylinder 7) havingcompression chambers formed at the opposite ends thereof and is providedwith a vertically reciprocating piston having'a pair of heads a whichoperate in the respective comprwsion chambers, suitable inlet and outletvalves 5 and 6 being provided for each compression chamber. Air is soplied to the inlet valves 5 by means of suita le piping 3 which leadsfrom a chambeer 2 within which low and high pressure tanks or reservoirsa and g are located, a shell or casing 2 serving to inclose the parts,air from the atmosphere being admitted to the chamber 2 by the openings1 which are formed in the casing, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, andthe-compressed fluid is discharged from the outlet valves 6 into pipes4, as shown in Fig. 1, these pipes leading to the low pressure tank a,as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Any suitable means may be employed foractuating the inlet and dis charge valves, a pair of cams 105 and 106being provided for this purpose in the present instance which aremounted on the main engine shaft and which cooperate with rollers orprojections 107 and 108, respectively, the latter being directlyconnectet with the lower inlet and discharge valves, and the upper inletand discharge valves are also operated by these cams by means of thelevers 109 and 110 having rollers 111 and 112. to engage the cams andare connected by links 113 and 114 to a pair of bell crank levers 115and 116 mounted on the upper end of the compressor cylinder, as shown inFigs. 1, 4 and 4. q

The piston of the compressor is provided with a pair of trunnions 10'having fluid passages 9 therein which are supplied with fluid by meansof a air of telescopic connections 8, the latter In turn receiving fluidfrom the pipes 7 which receive fluid from thelow pressure tank a throughthe connecting member 7 and the pipe 62, as shown is controlled by avalve 77,

in Figs. 4 and 4'. The passe es 9 deliver the inotive fluid into theaxia assages 11 in the compressor piston, and t e latter in turndischarge through the openings 12 and 13 in the opposite ends of thepiston into an annular chamber 14 therein, and the fluid is dischargedfrom this annular chamber by means of a pair of inlet and outlet tubes'16 which open into an annular heat absorbing chamber 17 which surroundsthe compression chambers of the cylinder, these tubes being providedwith stuffing box connections with the cylinder casing in order thatthey may reciprocate according to the movements of the piston withoutleakage of fluid, and their upper ends open into vertically extendedchambers 18 with which a fluid discharge'pipe 18 communicates, thearrangement. just described insuring the necessary movements of thetubes without suhmergin their openends below the level of the liqui Thedischarge pipe 18 leads from the chamhers 18' to the coil 19 which isarranged within the chambers 20 surrounding the cylinder of the internalcombustion engine, as previously described.

The liquid within the chambers 20 surrounding the cylinders of theengine and the chambers 17 of the compressor, is maintained at a givenlevel preferably by means of a suitable valve mechanism, that shown inFig. 3 being composed of a float 79 which is arranged to operate withina chamber 7.5 communicating with the chambers 20 of the engine by meansof up r and lower passages 75 and 75*, the cat bein oporativelyconnected to a pair of liqui andair controlling valves 78 and 80 bothcommunicatin with a liquid supply tank 74, the latter eing supplied withliquid from a suitable source by means of a 76 which a ing of the liquidwithin the chamber 7 5 causing the float to simultaneousl open the airand liquid valves, the out st of the air valve discharging into thesupply tank 74 and forcing liquid therefrom through thevalve 7 8,,thereby maintaining the liquid automatically at a predetermined level.

Fuel is supplied to the valve of the engine by means of the pipes 42which are fed by a pump 43 and air under high pressure is a so suppliedto the said valves fromthe high pressure tank 9 by means of the pipes59, as shown in Fig. 3, and air is supplied to the combustion chambersof the engine after the ex lesions therein b means of pipes 62 whic 1lead preferably ruin the low pressure tank a. Fluid under high pressureis supplied to the tank 9 by means of a pump, as shown in Fig. 3, beingcomposed of a suitable cylinder havm a plan er 50 which is operated b acran 52 on t e anginc shaft provide with a connecting rod 51, and air issupplied to the pump preferably from the low pressure tank a by means ofa pipe 49 through an inlet valve 64, and the discharge of hi h pressureair from the ump is controlled %vy a valve which delivers into a pipe 58leading to the high pressure tank. A safety valve 66 is preferably)rovided on the high pressure tank for relieving excessive ressuretherein, the fluid relieved by the sa ety valve being conducted by aassage 66" into the low ressure tank a, and t e latter is also providewith a similar relief valve 67, all as shown in Fig. 3, and describedmore fully in my prior application aforesaid.

Any suitable form of motor may be employed as an auxiliary to the mainengine and for the purpose of utilizing the heat energy developed duringthe operation of the lattena turbine being usually referable, the runneror revoluble element f of which is mounted on a shaft h which in turnis'connected to the engine shaft by means'of a inion and gear 150 and151, respectively, tlie. ratio of gearing bein r such as to insure roperrelative speeds o the main and auxi iar motors to enable them to operateeflicient y. periphery of the runner. is rovided with vanes or buckets38 into which the motive fluid is discharged from nozzles controlled bythe two sets of valves 85 and 86, as shown in Fi 5, the nozzles of eachset being directe in reverse directions in order that the turbine mayrevolve in either direction, and these inlet valves are supplied withfluid by the annular passages 37 which communicate with the fluid supplypassage 36, as shown in Fig. 4. The fluid is exhausted from the runnerinto annular chambers 39 which surround the turbine casing, and theseexhaust chambers discharge into an outlet 40 which enters the lowerportion of the chamber 2.

In order to condense the moisture contained in the fluiddischar ed fromthe turbine, the lower portion 0 this chamber 2 rovided with acondensing medium 83 which may be composed of a perforated metalstructure which will present a relatively large area to the exhaustingfluid.

In practice, air is supplied to the compressor through the openings 1formed in the casing 2' which surrounds the high and low ressurereservoirs and forms the condensm or refri crating chamber .for thegases ex anstin rom the turbine, the air entering the in ct valves 5 byway of the supply pipe 3, and dischargingfrom the compressor through theoutlet valves 6 into the discharge pipes 4, the latter leading to thelow pressure tank a, and the fluid is returned from the low pressurereservoir to the heat absorbing chambers of the compressor by means ofthe pipes 7 which lead to the telescopic connections 8, and. from thelatter the air is discher ed into the passages 9, thence into the nozz epassages 11, through the openings 12 The gases being finally dischargedat 48.

and 13 and into the annular chamber 14 of the internal combustionengine, as shown,

in Fig. 2, the fluid first enterin the lower portion of the coil andthen passlng throu h the vertical portions 19 thereof into t 1e upperportion of the coil, and finally discharging into the space above theliquid into the chamber 20 through the orifices 21, the fluid thencepassing into the intercominuuicating passages 22 into the outer chamhers23, and from the latter into the upper open ends of the reciprocatorytubes 24, the latter serving to conduct the fluid into the annular airchamber 25 of the engine piston, and the air thence passes into thecentral passage 29, it being conducted from the utter by the conduits 30and 31 and passage 35 into the conduit 36 (see Fig. 3), and from thelatter it is discharged into annular supply passage 37 of the turbinecasing. From the atter it is discharged a ainst the vanes of the runnerof the turbine, and is exhausted into the channels 39 which in turndeliver into the passage 40, and from this passage the fluid isdischarged through the condensing medium 83 located in the refrigerating chamber in the lower portion of the chamber 2.

The highl heated exhaust gases from the engineare discharged into thechamber 4-4, as shown in Fig. 3 and from the latter they vare conductedthrough the conduit 45 into the cooling coil 46 which is submerged inthe liquid'oontained in the tank 47, the exhaust The eat of the exhaustgases is absorbed by the liquid in the tank 47, and the heat moleculesin the water are conducted by the vertical passe cs 20 to the liquidchamber 20 surroun mg the cylinder of the engine and the encircling soil19, causing vapor to be given off from the liquid in the form of steamwhich is absorbed by the motive fluid which is conve ed above thesurface of the water or liqui The motive fluid thus charged .with steamor vapor, is conducted through the conduit 36, and as the latter issurrounded by the exhaust gases discharging throu h the conduit 45", itwill be super: heate and thereby expanded considerably in volume beforeit is received by the turbine.

It is generallyreferable to )rovide a brake mechanism or stopping tieengine when the fluid sup lied to the turbine is interru ted, the turhis shaft h being provide with brake drums 92 in the resent instancehaving brake bands 91.wh1ch 00- operate therewith, and the brake bandsare each oplerated by a fluid pressure motor,

those 8 own in the present instance each comprising a cylinder havm apiston mounted to operate therein an connected carried by a link 87which is connected to the sets of fluid controllin valves 85 and 86, thevalves being connecte for simultaneous movement and they are alloperated by a lever 84, movement of the latter in one direction aboutits axis causing the valves 85 to open, and the valves 86 tosimultaneously close, the valve 90 of the brake cylinder at this timebeing in a position to interrupt flow of fluid to either side of thepiston, and conversely a movement of the operating lever in the oppositedirection will close the valves 85 and open the valves 86, the valve 90in this case being also in closed position. While the operating lever isin neutral osition, as shown in Fig. 5, the valve 90 0 the brakecylinder will admit fluid to the piston and cause the braketo be set,and when the operating lever is moved ineither direction from theneutral position, fluid will be adturbine or the auxiliary motor, andthe lat ter may be employed in starting the main engine or motor, and 1nthe present Instance it is so connected thereto as to serve as afly-wheel therefor.

\Vhat I claim is 1. The combination with a tank providing a source ofliquid supply, of'an en ine embodying a cylinder having a charn ersurrounding it and adapted to receiveliquid from the tank, said liquidchamber having a vapor collecting chamber communicating with its upperportion, a piston mounted to reciprocate in the cylinder and. having afluid .receiving chamber therein, means for conducting a supply ofliquid from said first mentioned chamber to said chamber within saidpiston including a tube communicating with the fluid receiving 'chamherin the piston and havingan open end discharging into the liquid chamberof the cylinder.

2. In an engine of the character described, the combination with acylinder having a pair of li uid chambers surrounding the opposite ensthereof, of a piston mounted to operate within the cylinder andprovided with a. fluid receiving chamber, and a pair of oppositelydirected tubes carried by t ie piston and communicating with the fluidreceiving chamber therein, and havin their ends mounted to reciprocatewithin the liquid chambers of the cylinder, and a nonwith the'flnidchamber therein, the ends of.

the tubes discharging into the liquid chamber surrounding the cylinder,and a valve carried b one of the tubes for creating a positive ow offluid from said surrounding fluid chamber into the fluid chamber of thepiston.

4. In an engine of the character described. the combination with avertically arranged cylinder having a pair of liqui chambers surroundingits upper and lower ends, of a piston mounted to reciprocate within thecylinder and having-a fluid chamber therein, pairs of upwardly anddownwardly extendlng tubes carried by the piston and having their endsopening into the respective chambers .surrounding the cylinder, saidtubes serving respectively as fluid supply anddischarge passages for-thefluid chamber within the piston and valves carried by certain of thetubes for creating apositive flow of fluid therethrough during thereciprocatory movements of the piston.

5. In an engine of the character described, the combination with avertically arranged cylinder having upper and lower liquid chamberssurrounding it, and means for maintaining liquid at a predeterminedlevel in the upper chamber, and fluid chambers arranged adjacent to oneof the li uid chambers and communicating there'wit at points above thelevel of the liquid-contained therein, of a piston mounted to operate inthe cylinder and having a fluid chamber therein, means for conductingfluid from the fluid chambers of the cylinder to that of the piston, andmeans for conducting fluid from the chamber of the latter to a fluidpressure 66 per coil being provided nt motor.

6. In an engine of the character described, thecombination with acylinder having upper and lower liquid chambers, u r and ower coilsarranged'within the sea chambers, the lower coil communicatin with asource of fluid pressure sup 1y an the upli d'scharge orifices, andfluid chambers arranged adjacent to the upper liquid chamber andcommunicating with the latter at oints above the level of the liquidtherein, 0 a piston mounted to operate in the cylinder and having afluid chamber therein, means for conducting fluid from the fluidchambers of the cylinder to that of the piston, a fluid pressure motor,and means for conducting the fluid from the fluid chamber of the pistonto the said motor.

7. In an engine of the character described. the combination with a tank,a vertically arranged cylinder having upper and lower liq uid chamberscommunicatin with the tank, means for maintaining the liquid at apredetermined level in the upper chamber, coils connected to one anotherand arranged within the respective liquid chambers, the lower coil beingconnected to a source of fluid pressure supply, and the up er coil beingprovided with discharge on ces arranged above the level of the liquid inthe upper chamber, fluid chambers arranged adjacent to the upper liquidchamber and provided with passages which communicate with the liquidchamber at points above the level of the liq uid therein, of a pistonmounted to operate in the cylinder and provided with a fluid chamber,means for conductin fluid from the fluid chambers of the'cylin er tothat of the piston, a fluid pressure motor, and means for conductingfluid from the fluid chamber of the piston to the motor.

8. In an engine of the character described, the combination with a tankhaving a heating coil arranged therein, a vertically arranged cylinderhaving upper and lower liquid chambers communicating with one anotherand with the tank, and arranged above the latter, means for maintainingthe liquid at a predetermined level in the upper liquid chamber toprovide an air space, air conducting coils arranged in the upper andlower liquid chambers and communicating with one another, the lower coilbeingconnected to a source of air snppl and the upper coil beingprovided with discharge on ces arl ranged in the air space of the upperliquid chamber, of a piston mounted to. operate in the cylinder, meansfor conducting the exhaust from the cylinder through the heatin coil inthe tank, a fluid pressure motor, an means for conducting air from thespace above the liquid in the upper chamber to the motor.

9. In an engine of the character described, the combination with a tank,of an air comressor having a vertically arranged cyliner rovided with asurrounding liquid cham r, a piston mounted to reciprocate vertically inthe cylinder and having fluid passages therein, means for su plying airunder pressure to the passages o the piston, and reciprocatory tubescarried by the piston and having their upper ends discharging into theliquid chamber at points above the level of the liquid therein, of aninternal l combustion engine embodying a vertically i arranged cylinderprovided with a liquid I chamber, a coil arran d in the said chamber land connected at its owerend to receive air from the upper portion ofthe li uidchamber of the compressor and provide with discharge orificesin its up 1' portion, means for maintainin liquid cm the tank at a lpredetermined evel in the liquid chambers l eocpu of =the compressor andengine cylinders, a fluid pressure motor, and means :for conducting theair discharged from the coil to the motor.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

JOHN HUTCHINGS. Vi tnesses JOHN CoooE WARE, 'HARRY JOHN STOGDEN.

